Consistency Evaluation of in vitro Quality of Nitroglycerin Tablet Reference Preparation and Imitative Preparation / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To investigate the in vitro quality consistency of domestic Nitroglycerin table t imitative preparation and reference preparation （original drug ）. METHODS ：The contents of nitroglycerin and related substances in 1 batch of Nitroglycerin tablet reference preparation （manufacturer A ）and 4 batches of imitative preparation （manufacturer B ，C，D，E） were determined according to Nitroglycerin Tablet Import Drugs Registration Standard JX 20010267. The paddle method of dissolution determination method was adopted ，with the rotating speed of 50 r/min. HPLC method was adopted to determine the dissolution amount of 5 batches of above preparations in 4 kinds of dissolution mediums （pH 1.2 hydrochloric acid solution ，pH 4.0 acetate buffer solution ，pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution ，water） within 10 min.The accumulative dissolution rate was calculated，and dissolution curves of samples were drawn.The similarity of the dissolution curves was evaluated by calculating similarity factor （f2）of 2，5，8 min accumulative dissolution rate. RESULTS ：The contents of nitroglycerin in the preparations from manufacturer A ，B，C，D，E were 99.8％，98.3％，94.0％，93.3％，96.7％，respectively（n＝2）；the contents of related substance were 0.46％，0.55％，0.63％，0.72％，0.49％，respectively（n＝2）. Using reference preparation of manufacturer A as control，f2 of imitative preparation from manufacturer B ，C，D，E were 74，28，25，67 in pH 1.2 hydrochloric acid solution ；76， 26，28，84 in pH 4.0 acetate buffer solution ；79，39，35，71 in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution ；69，32，37，62 in water ， respectively. CONCLUSIONS ：The method is suitable for in vitro quality consistency evaluation of Nitroglycerin table timitative preparation. Compared with reference preparation ，the contents of main components in the imitative preparations from manufacturer C，D are lower ；in vitro dissolution curves of those imitative preparation are not similar to reference preparation .

Application of PDCA cycle combined with project management method in the assessment and management of special skills training in clinical skills center / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application of PDCA cycle combined with project management method in the assessment and management of special skills training in clinical skills center.Methods:From January to December in 2018, the PDCA cycle combined with project management method was used to manage the special skills training project team. The utilization rate of special skills simulation equipment before and after management was compared. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the satisfaction with the management model among the students involved in the special skills training in 2018.The data was analyzed by SPSS 13.0.Results:The utilization rate of special skills simulation equipment was significantly improved, and the students were highly satisfied with the management model.Conclusion:Using PDCA cycle combined with project management method, this paper explores a management model of special skills training and assessment in clinical skills center, which improves the quality of special skills training and assessment management in clinical skills center, and is worthy of further exploration and practice.

Study on Dissolution in vitro of Cyclosporine Soft Capsules from 3 Domestic Manufacturers / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the similarity of in vitro dissolution curve between the generic drugs and the reference preparation （original drugs） of the domestic Cyclosporine soft capsules in 6 dissolution mediums. METHODS： The dissolution test was performed with paddle method. 2％ SDS water solution， 2％ SDS pH 1.2 hydrochloric acid solution， 2％ SDS water solution， 2％ SDS pH 4.5 acetate buffer solution， 2％ SDS pH 5.5 acetate buffer solution， 2％ SDS pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution and 2％ SDS simulated gastric fluid were used as the dissolution medium， and the rotation speed was 50 r /min. HPLC method was used. The determination was performed on Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile phosphate solution （73 ∶ 27 ∶ 0.25，V/V/V），the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 226 nm， the column temperature was 60 ℃， and sample size was 20 μL. The dissolution curves in 6 medium were drawn and the similarity factor （f2） was used to investigate the similarity between the samples from 3 domestic manufacturers （5 batches） and a batch of original drugs. RESULTS： The linear range of cyclosporine was 5-250 μg/mL （r＝0.999 6-0.999 9）； RSDs of precision， stability （12 h） and reproducibility tests were lower than 2.0％ （n＝6 or 7）； the recoveries were 98.4％-99.7％ （RSD＜2.0％， n＝9）. The cumulative dissolution of 6 batches of samples within 15 min reached 85％ in 2％ SDS pH 1.2 hydrochloric acid solution and 2％ SDS simulated gastric juice. f2 of the dissolution curve of 5 batches of generic and original drugs of Cyclosporine soft capsules were 75， 45， 57， 42， 83 in 2％ SDS water solution and 44， 76， 38， 32， 76 in 2％ SDS pH 4.5 acetate buffer solution 76， 47， 49， 40， 79 in 2％ SDS pH 5.5 acetate buffer solution and 52， 49， 55， 48， 80 in 2％ SDS pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution， respectively. CONCLUSIONS： There have differences in the similarity of the dissolution curve between the domestic generic and the original drugs of 5 batches of Cyclosporin soft capsule from 3 domestic manufacturers.

Advance in Shiga toxin / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Shiga toxin (Stx), which can be divided into Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) and Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2), is an important virulence factor of Shigella spp. and certain strains of Escherichia coli. Stx, enco-ded by λ-like phage, blocks protein synthesis through removal of an adenine residue from the 28S rRNA. Stx can also induce apoptosis through multiple pathways. Humans may suffer from diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis ( HC) and hemolytic uremic syndrome ( HUS) and even death when infected with Shiga toxin-producing bac-teria. At present, there is no specific treatment for diseases caused by Stx. In recent years, the application of Stx in cancer therapy and imaging has aroused great interest. This review provided a brief overview of Stx in its nomenclature, typing, structure, genetics, pathogenesis and application perspectives.

Identification of Escherichia albertii from healthy carriers in Zigong, Sichuan Province, China / 中国人兽共患病学报

We investigated the carrying situation of Escherichia albertii from healthy people engaged in breeding and slaughtering poultry for a long time.We collected stool samples from people engaged in breeding and slaughtering poultry and other healthy people.After enriched with EC broth,eae-positive enrichment culture was directly streaked on MacConkey,and eaepositive lactose non-fermenting isolate was retained for further investigation.The 16S rDNA sequencing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were applied in the identification of E.albertii from suspected strains.Intimin subtypes and cdtB types of E.albertii strains were detected.Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to detected genetic polymorphism of strains from this study and animal source ones.Results showed that two isolates were identified as E.albertii from 189 stools of people exposed to slaughtering chickens and ducks and one from 58 stools in control groups.No isolate was identified as E.albertii from 138 stools samples of people exposed to breeding poultry.Intimin subtypes of three isolates from stool samples were subtyped as sigma,iota 2,nu,and cdtB types were closely related to types Ⅱ/Ⅲ/Ⅴ.PFGE patterns of the three strains was distinguishable (＜80％ similarity),and appeared in different cluster with chickens,ducks and other sources of E.albertii strains.The rate of carrying E.albertii to a certain extent exist in healthy people engaged in slaughtering chickens and ducks,and the relationship between these strains and strains from poultry should be further investigated.

Impact of Exercise Rehabilitation on Cardiac Function in Coronary Artery Disease Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To explore the impact of exercise rehabilitation on cardiac function in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: A total of 130 CAD patients received primary PCI in our hospital from 2014-01 to 2015-09 were enrolled. All patients received conventional drug therapy and post-PCI knowledge education, then were randomly divided into 2 groups: Conventional group and Rehabilitation group, in which the patients received cardiac rehabilitation exercise for 3 months at different stage and intensity. n=65 in each group. The cardiac function including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), 6 min walking distance (6MWD) and NYHA classification were compared between 2 groups at 1, 3 and 6 months after the operation. Results: LVEF, LVEDD, 6MWD and NYHA classification were similar between 2 groups at enrollment, P>0.05. ① At 1 month post-operation: 6MWD was different between 2 groups, P0.05. In Rehabilitation group, 6MWD and NYHA classification were different from the enrollment condition, P0.05; in Conventional group, 6MWD was different from the enrollment condition, P0.05. ② At 3 and 6 months post-operation: all parameters were different between 2 groups, P>0.05. In Rehabilitation group, all parameters were different from the enrollment condition, P<0.05. ③ In Conventional group, at 3 months post-operation: LVEDD and 6MWD were different from the enrollment condition, P<0.05; at 6 months post-operation: 6MWD was different from the enrollment condition, P<0.05. Conclusion: Exercise rehabilitation may improve the cardiac function, therefore enhance the endurance capacity and quality of life in CAD patients after PCI.

Molecular characteristics of human-derived non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated in five regions of China / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To understand the molecular characteristics of human-derived non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coil (STEC) strains circulating in five regions of China.Methods Twenty-seven non-O157 STEC strains isolated in five geographic regions were investigated by serotyping, stx1/stx2 subtyping and PCR screening for adhesion and other virulence genes.A multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme provided by E.coil MLST database were performed to amplify and sequence seven housekeeping genes (adk, icd, fumC, rgyrB, purA, mdh and recA) in those strains.Results Twenty-seven non-O157 STEC strains were typed into 16 O∶H serotypes.Among those strains, 11 harbored stx1a, 12 harbored stx1c, two harbored stx2e and the other three strains respectively harbored stx1a+stx2b, stx2d and stx2g.Positive rates of eae, efa1, saa, paa, toxB, astA and ehxA genes were 18.5%, 18.5%, 29.6%, 22.2%, 11.1%, 11.1% and 25.9%, respectively.The 27 strains were typed into 16 different sequence types (STs) based upon MLST.Conclusion Human-derived non-O157 STEC strains circulating in five regions of China are heterogeneous in their serotypes, stx1/stx2 subtypes and virulence gene profiles.

Influence of moderate exercise training to patients with heart failure′s related factors / 中国综合临床

Objective Heart failure is due to a variety of reasons cause of the heart to lose their official duty. The heart will not be able to work properly to meet the needs of the body, it is called pump failure. It significantly reduces the patients living ability and quality of life. Appropriate exercise training as an adjuvant therapy of heart failure can make these conditions have been improved. The present study reviewed the influence of moderate exercise training to patients with heart failure′s related factors( e. g. cardiac function,quality of life, medical expenses,etc) .

Comparative study on effect of R-CHOP regimen and CHOP regimen for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with early-stage primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To compare the effect and safety of rituximab plus CHOP (R-CHOP) and CHOP regimens for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with early-stage primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PG-DLBCL). Methods A total of 65 patients with PG-DLBCL were retrospectively divided into two groups: 35 patients were treated with R-CHOP regimen, the others with CHOP regimen. NHL international efficacy assessment and WHO criteria were used to assess the therapeutic and the adverse reactions respectively. Results The complete remission (CR) rate of R-CHOP group was 74.3 % (26/35), which was significantly higher than that of CHOP group [50.0 % (15/30), P0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the five-year survival rates of two groups had no significant difference (88.6%vs 75.0%, P>0.05). The PFS of R-CHOP group was better than that of CHOP group (94.4 months vs 74.9 months, P< 0.05). Conclusion Compared with CHOP regimen , R-CHOP regimen increases the therapeutic efficacy in patients with PG-DLBCL, and dose not increase the adverse reactions.

Multilocus sequence typing analysis of enteropathogenic escherichia coli isolates in 8 provinces of China, 2006-2014 / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the molecular typing feature of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains isolated from different reservoirs in eight provinces of China from 2006 to 2014.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the time, place, reservoir, and PFGE pattern of the EPEC strains isolated from stools of humans with diarrhea, animal feces, and foods in eight provinces of China between 2006 and 2014, 149 EPEC strains were selected and characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) using seven housekeeping genes provided by E.coli MLST database. Strain analysis demonstrated 56 different sequence types (STs). SeqMan II, MEGA 5.05, and eBURST V3 were applied to analyze the genetic relationships of domestic and forein existing 392 strains (243 EPEC strains included in the E.coli MLST database and 149 EPEC strains comprised in the present study).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 56 different STs, the prevalent ST was ST-40, which included 19 (19/149, 12.8%) isolates. Nineteen new STs were identified. Eleven new alleles were detected in six house-keeping genes (adk, fumC, gyrB, icd, mdh, and purA). Six STs were simultaneously detected among EPEC strains isolated from patients with diarrhea and animals. And these EPEC strains were all aEPEC strains. Two STs were simultaneously identified among EPEC strains isolated from patients with diarrhea and foods. Also, these EPEC strains were all aEPEC strains. 33 out of 173 STs were divided into five major clone complexes by eBURST, STC-29, STC-10, STC-20, STC-28, and STC-517. The remaining EPEC strains included in the other 140 STs were part of the other clone complexes or just were singletons.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A high degree of phylogenetic heterogeneity was observed among the EPEC strains isolated in eight provinces of China. The EPEC strains with same STs of human isolates isolated from animal feces and foods were all aEPEC strains.</p>

Types of eae genes in non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To analyze the subtypes of eae genes in various non-O157 Shiga toxin-pro-ducing Escherichia coli ( STEC) strains isolated in China.Methods The complete nucleotide sequences of 10 eae genes were amplified by PCR and sequenced.The BLASTn software was used to analyze the se-quences for eae gene subtyping.A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the10 ea e gene sequences to-gether with the gene sequences of 30 different subtypes in GenBank and those of STEC strains of 7 prevalent serotypes (O157 ∶H7, O26 ∶H11, O103 ∶H2, O111 ∶H8, O145 ∶H28, O45 ∶H2 and O121 ∶H19) using MEGA 5.0.Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed on the 10 STEC strains with reference to the Escherichia coli ( E.coli) MLST website ( http://mlst.warwick.ac.uk/mlst/dbs/Ecoli) for the typing of multiple loci.A minimum spanning tree ( MST) was constructed using the BioNumerics software to inves-tigate the phylogenetic relationships between the 10 eae gene-positive STEC strains in this study and hemolyt-ic uremic syndrome-associated enterohemorrhagic E.coli ( HUSEC) strains as well as all human STEC strains of O157, O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 and O145 serotypes submitted to the E.coli MLST website data-base.Results The complete nucleotide sequences of eae genes in 10 non-O157 STEC strains were 2.8 kb in length and belonged to 3 known subtypes.The predominant subtype wasβ1, accounting for 60%of the 10 STEC strains (6/10), followed byθandγ1 subtypes with two strains in each type.The eae gene sequences in certain strains were identical to those of the prevalent serotypes.Seven sequence types ( STs) were identi-fied from the 10 STEC strains carrying eae gene.Conclusion The eae genes harbored by the non-O157 STEC strains isolated from different specimens in China were diverse and had close phylogenetic relationships with the highly pathogenic and prevalent STEC strains.This study implied that the STEC strains harboring eae gene had high pathogenic potential.

Effects of hemoperfusion combined with hemodialysis on micro inflammation and malnutrition status in patients with maintenance of hemodialysis patients with maintenance of hemodialysis / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of blood perfusion(HP)combined with hemodialysis(HD)on micro inflammation and malnutrition status in patients with maintenance of hemodialysis(MHD). Methods Eighty MHD patients admitted to blood purification center of Wuhan Puai Hospital in Hubei Province were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. Pure HD group underwent conventional HD for 4 hours,3 times a week,and based on the weekly HD series,the HD+HP group took additionally HP once a week,the therapeutic course in both groups being consecutive 12 weeks. Blood was collected before and after treatment for detection of interleukin-6. (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and homocysteine (Hcy) levels were determined with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay,and the changes in nutritional indexes of hemoglobin(Hb),total protein(TP), albumin(Alb),transferrin(TRF)were observed. Results Compared with the indexes before treatment,in HD+HP group,hs-CRP(ng/L:5.65±2.21 vs. 13.91±2.10),IL-6(ng/L:50.10±6.65 vs. 101.22±21.32),TNF-α(ng/L:80.21±9.41 vs. 197.64±25.47),Hcy(μmol/L:13.31±2.21 vs. 40.96±9.42)were significantly decreased (all P0.05). There were statistical significant differences in above indexes after treatment between HD+HP group and HD group〔hs-CRP (ng/L):5.65±2.21 vs. 13.22±1.10,IL-6(ng/L):50.10±6.65 vs. 100.32±25.24,TNF-α(ng/L):80.21±9.41 vs. 196.87±24.54,Hcy(μmol/L):13.31±2.21 vs. 37.23±8.33,Hb(g/L):106.65±22.21 vs. 94.22±13.10,TP (g/L):62.10±22.65 vs. 51.32±12.32,Alb(g/L):38.21±6.41 vs. 32.87±4.54,TRF(μg/L):196.31±22.21 vs. 162.23±15.33,all P<0.05〕. Conclusion HP combined with HD in the treatment of MHD can improve the micro inflammation and malnutrition state in patients with MHD.

Treatment of spinal cord injury by transfection of double gene recombinant adenovirus vector into rat bone marrow mesecnhymal stem cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has widespread effects on dopaminergic neurons, cholinergic neurons and other neurons, which can promote more differentiation of stem cells into neuron-like cells. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF1α) can improve tissue and cellviability in the ischemic environment and maintain the local microenvironment of hemangioblasts, which has a more far-ranging physiological role than genes. OBJECTIVE:By constructing double gene recombinant adenovirus vector with BDNF and three points mutant HIF1αto complete the transfection of adenovirus vector into rats mesenchymal stem cells and then study the promoting nerve regeneration and angiogenesis effect of these two genes to spinal cord injury in vitro in constant oxygen conditions. METHODS:(1)We finished the site-directed mutagenesis of 402, 564 and 803 amino acids in human HIF1αgene CDS region by PCR method and we finished recombination of mutation posterior HIF1αgene and BDNF into adenovirus pAdEasy-1 system. Packaging viral and titration determination were also finished. (2)Four kinds of virus fluids and blank group were selected for subsequent experiments. We observed transfection efficiency after transfection of virus into bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and detected the expressions of BDNF and HIF1αmRNA and protein in transfection cells. (3) The protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, downstream formation vascular gene of HIF1α, in cells in al groups was detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The site-directed mutagenesis of 402, 564 and 803 amino acids to alanine in coding sequence region was successful. The construction of four kinds of adenoviral recombinants was successful and identification of packaging was completed. (2)The level of BDNF gene mRNA and protein expression in experimental and positive control 1 groups was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.05). The level of HIF1αmRNA and protein expression in experimental and positive control 2 groups was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P<0.05). The level of vascular endothelial growth factor protein was also increased in the experimental and positive control 2 groups, which was significantly different from other groups (P<0.05). These findings indicate that the BDNF and HIF1αproteins are largely and efficiently expressed in constant oxygen conditions after single vector double gene adenovirus system transfection into mesenchymal stem cells and high-efficiency expression of vascular endothelial growth factor protein is promoted so that this is a new direction for treatment of spinal cord injury by gene therapy combined with celltransplantation.

The value of detecting plasma microRNA-125a-3p,IGF-2 on monitoring invasion and metastasis in NSCLC / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the value of detecting plasma microRNA‐125a‐3p(miRNA‐125a‐3p) ,IGF‐2 on monitoring invasion and metastasis in NSCLC ,and to study the correlation between miR‐125a‐3p and IGF‐2 .Methods miR‐125a‐3p transcripts of 20 controls ,73 NSCLC were performed in plasma by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction(qRT‐PCR) and PCR data was analyzed by the 2‐ΔΔCT method .The expression of IGF‐2 in plasma was detected by ELISA .Results The expression of miR‐125a‐3p in stage Ⅲ /Ⅳ was lower than stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ and the controls(P=0 .001 ,P=0 .005) .There was no statistical differ‐ence between the stage Ⅰ /Ⅱ patients and the controls(P=0 .776) .The expression of miR‐125a‐3p was related with lymph node metastas ,lower expression in positive lymph node metastasis (P=0 .003) .The expression of IGF‐2 in stage Ⅰ /Ⅱ 、stage Ⅲ /Ⅳ was higher than the controls(P=0 .036 ,P=0 .011) .There was no statistical difference between the stageⅠ/Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ (P=0 .451) . The expression of IGF‐2 was related with lymph node metastas ,higher expression in positive lymph node metastasis (P=0 .037) .The re‐sults showed a negative correlation between miR‐125a‐3p expression and IGF‐2 in plasma(r= -0 .280 ,P=0 .007) .Conclusion Low ex‐pression of miR‐125a‐3p and high expression of IGF‐2 in plasma may play a role in invasion and metastasis of NSCLC .miR‐125a‐3p may play a negative regulatory role on IGF‐2 .

Comparison study on 4D-CT and ABC techniques in respiratory management during lung radiotherapy / 重庆医学

Objective To evaluate the similarities and differences between four-dimensional radiotherapy (4D-CT ) and active breathing control techniques(ABC) in respiratory management in lung radiotherapy ,and investigate the indications and feasibility of different breathing control techniques for different patients .Methods Twenty-one patients treated with lung radiotherapy received respiratory management .4D-CT technology was used in 11 patients ,while ABC technology was adopted in the rest 10 .The ratios of planning target volume(PGTV) to gross tumor volume(GTV)[(PGTV/GTV)] were calculated .The differences between these two respiratory management technologies were compared in terms of the PGTV ,positioning time ,planning time and treatment time to investigate the indications .Results 4D-CT technology had higher PGTV/GTV ratio ,and shorter positioning time and irradiation time than ABC technology(P0 .05) .In patients with ABC and 4D-CT technology ,objective response rates were 50 .0% ,45 .5% ,respectively ,and the radiation pneumonitis rates were 30 .0% ,27 .3% ,respectively .There was no significant difference in both groups (P>0 .05) .Conclusion In lung tumor radiothera-py ,ABC can reduce irradiation volume ,suitable for patients with good performance status .4D-CT is time-saving and well tolerated , suitable for patients with smaller tumors .

Effect of irbesartan on clyclooxygenase-2 expression in experimental type 2 diabetic rat / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ) type 1 receptor block irbesartan on the expression of renal cyclooxygenase-2 ( COX-2 ) in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods 18 rats were divided into control group, diabetes mellitus group and treating group.Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of COX-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1).The urinary TXB2,6-Ket-PGF1 αconcentration was determined by radioimmunoassay at the 6th week .Results There was an increasing expression of COX-2,TIMP-1 and decreasing M MP-9 ( COX-2:0.39 ± 0.02 vs 0.24 ± 0.04, TIMP :0.41 ± 0.03 vs 0.24 ± 0.02,MMP-9:0.24 ± 0.02 vs 0.32 ± 0.02, P ＜ 0.05 ) expression in the diabetes mellitus group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Irbesartan could increase MMP-9 (0.29 ± 0.03 ) and depress TIMP-1 (0.34 ± 0.02) expression through inhibiting the expression of COX-2(0.31 ± 0.03) in renal tissue.Conclusions COX-2 was involved in the pathogenesis of the injury of type 2 diabetic nephropathy.Irbesartan might exert its renoprotective effects through inhibiting COX-2 activity, modulating the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1.

Transthoracic echocardiographic diagnosis of anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery in children / 中华超声影像学杂志

abnormality from cardiomyopathy and endocardial fibroelastosis. Some pediatric patients have overlapped characteristics of both infant and adult type.

Efficacy of Calcium Dobesilate on Glomerular Basement Membrane in Diabetic Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of calcium dobesilate on the ultrastructure of glomerular basement membrane(GBM)in diabetic rats.METHODS:30rats underwent unilateral nephrectomy,of whom,10were assigned to the normal control group(group NC),another20were induced to diabetic models(DM)by intraperitoneal injection of1%STZ,the models which have finished were divided into DM control group and calcium dobesilate group(group DD),each group admin?istered with distilled water and calcium dobesilate respectively,12weeks later,the change in the ultrastructure of kidneys and endogenous creatinine clearance rate(CrCl)in each group were observed.RESULTS:After12weeks,endogenous CrCl in group DD was significantly higher than that in group DM;Electron microscope showed that thickening of glomerular capillary basement membrane in group DD was less than that in group DM.CONCLUSION:Calcium dobesilate could improve the ul?trastructure in kidney of diabetic rats,prevent GBM thickening,and protect filtration barrier of renal glomerulus.

Effects of Calcium Dobesilate on Glomerulus TIMP1 and Collagen Ⅳ of Diabetic Rats / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

To observe the effects of calcium dobesilate on the expression of glomerular tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1), collagen Ⅳ, and ultrastructure of glomerular basement membrane in diabetic rats, rats model of diabetes was established by unilateral nephrectomy and intraperitoneal injection of 1% STZ (55 mg/kg), and rats were administered calcium dobesilate 100 mg/kg (DD group) or distilled water (DM group) respectively. 12 weeks later, the changes in the renal ultrastructure and creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) were examined in each group. The expression of glomerular TIMP1 and collagen Ⅳ were studied by immunohistochemical staining. Our results showed that after 12 weeks, the Ccr in DD group increased and was significantly higher than that in DM group. Electron microscopy showed that thickness of glomerular capillary basement membrane (GBM) in Group DD was less than that of DM group. No hyperplasia of collagen fibers was found, and the distance between the holes of endothelial cells in DD group was not as even as that in the normal group, but more even than that of DM group, and podocyte processes was still in order. Immunohistochemical staining of glomeruli showed that expression of TIMP1 and collagen Ⅳ in DD group were significantly less than those of DM group DM. It is concluded that calcium dobesilate can improve diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the over- accumulation of collagen Ⅳ and calcium dobesilate may also contribute to diabetes by inhibiting the expression of TIMP1.